Publications

Improved Large-Scale Synthesis of Acridonylalanine for Diverse Peptide and Protein Applications

Marmorstein JG, Pagar VV, Hummingbird E, Saleh IG, Phan HAT, Chang Y, Shaffer KD, Venkatesh Y, Dmochowski IJ, Stebe KJ, Petersson EJ. Improved Large-Scale Synthesis of Acridonylalanine for Diverse Peptide and Protein Applications. Bioconjug Chem. 2024 Dec 18;35(12):1913-1922. doi: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.4c00411. Epub 2024 Nov 12. PMID: 39531540.

Abstract

Fluorescent unnatural amino acids give biochemists, biophysicists, and bioengineers new ways to probe the properties of proteins and peptides. Here, the synthesis of acridon-2-ylalanine (Acd) is optimized for large-scale production to enable ribosomal incorporation through genetic code expansion (GCE), and fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc)-protected Acd is prepared for solid-phase peptide synthesis (SPPS). We demonstrate the utility of Acd in several applications: first, Acd quenching by Tyr is used in the design of fluorescent protease sensors made by SPPS. Second, we demonstrate Acd incorporation into a lanthanide-binding peptide that is generated either by GCE or by SPPS and demonstrate the utility of Acd for sensitizing the emission of Eu3+. Finally, Acd is inserted into the intrinsically disordered protein, α-synuclein, using GCE and used to study ion binding and aggregation.